01 - The Importance of Selection of Neuromodulation Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diso
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).0110.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).01 Published : Dec 2017
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Neuromodulation therapies generally deal with the provision of pain management, treatment of movement disorders, seizure control by the utilization of brain-controlled devices to individuals with compromised movement. Recent advancement in optogenetics has led to the development of techniques to explore the neural circuitry & biomarkers to track the progression of disease in neurodegenerative ... Details
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Neuromodulation therapies, Deep brain stimulation (DBS), Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation (TNS), Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
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(1) Mubashar Rehman
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.(Corresponding Author)
(2) Syeda Komal Fatima
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Nida Rashid
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
02 - Declined Drug Susceptibility Mechanisms against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).0210.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).02 Published : Dec 2017
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Anti-microbial treatment is extensively used in conventional tuberculosis treatment, leading to resistance development. In this review, we summarized the mode of action and susceptibility protocols of anti-Tubercular drugs. An effort to elucidate the role of genetic variations, cell membrane adaptions, and efflux pump modalities in treatment failure will be an asset in devising prospective strateg... Details
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Tuberculosis, Drug resistance, Mechanism of Action, Mutations
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(1) Shabana Gulzar Toor
Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Mohammad Faizan Asif
Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Hafsa Abbas
Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
03 - Advancements in the Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches of Hepatitis C Virus
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).0310.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).03 Published : Dec 2017
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HCV virus has been a worldwide health-issue with noted expectancy ranging from 0.6% to 10% depending on geographical factors, and an estimated 71 million individuals worldwide are infected with this chronic virus. Diagnostic methods comprise HCV RNA test, Geno sensor, and laboratory testing, etc. With time there has been an immense number of advancements in HCV treatment. It started with the use o... Details
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Hepatitis C Virus, Genotype, Electrochemical Immunosensors, Geno Sensor, Vaccination, Nontechnology
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(1) Sameena Zehussain
Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
(2) Muhammad Ilyas
Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Ayesha Ahmad
Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
04 - An Insight of Mechanism of Action of Four Anti-Cancer Drugs
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).0410.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).04 Published : Dec 2017
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Cancer being a multifarious disease, can be mutated in many ways so that it can enhance the process of proliferation, invasion through an overactive cellular cycle and cell division and by antibacterial and chemotherapeutic drugs is highly guaranteed. The cells can prevent the development of apoptosis by the absence of (TP53) protein i-e tumor suppressor gene, in the necrosis, inflammatory signals... Details
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Cancer, Chemotherapeutic Drugs, Apoptosis, Tumor Suppressor Gene, Invasion, Metastasis
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(1) Gul Shehnaz
Chairperson, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.(Corresponding Author)
(2) Sana Ali Zahra
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Syeda Komal Fatima
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
05 - A Review on the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infection
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).0510.31703/giidr.2017(II-I).05 Published : Dec 2017
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Viral hepatitis B and Viral hepatitis C are one of the leading causes of disease and death in the present-day world. These viruses greatly affect the liver by causing inflammation, cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and even causes the death of affected individuals. It requires highly cautious treatment to resolve complications associated with it, including abnormal levels of sero... Details
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Hepatitis, Disease, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Infection, Infection Control, Treatment
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(1) Marriam Zahid
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Ayesha Hamid
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(3) Aleenah Asad
Undergrad Student, Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Volume X, Issue II (Spring 2025) 
Volume X, Issue I (Winter 2025) 
Volume IX, Issue III (Summer 2024) 
Volume IX, Issue II (Spring 2024) 
Volume IX, Issue I (Winter 2024) 
Volume VIII, Issue I (Fall 2023) 
Volume VII, Issue I (Fall 2022) 
Volume VI, Issue II (Fall 2021) 
Volume V, Issue I (Fall 2020) 
Volume IV, Issue I (Fall 2019) 
Volume III, Issue I (Fall 2018) 
Volume II, Issue I (Fall 2017) 
Volume I, Issue I (Fall 2016)