Title

• The title should be concise, descriptive, and clearly reflect the content of the manuscript.
• Authors should use Title Case and avoid unnecessary abbreviations.

Author Information

• Because GIIDR uses a double-blind peer-review process, author information must not be included in the anonymous manuscript.

• Author details should be provided separately through the submission system or in a separate title page.
• Author information should include:
  • Full name of each author.
  • Department or institutional affiliation.
  • City and country.
  • Institutional or professional email address.
  • ORCID iD, where available.

Corresponding Author

• The corresponding author must be clearly identified.
• The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the journal during submission, peer review, publication, and post-publication.
• The corresponding author's institutional or professional email address and complete institutional affiliation should be provided.
• Telephone numbers are not required unless specifically requested by the editorial office.

Abstract

• All manuscripts must include a concise abstract of 150–250 words.
• The abstract should briefly describe:
  • Research background or problem.
  • Research objectives.
  • Methodology.
  • Major findings.
  • Conclusion.
• The abstract should be understandable on its own.
• Citations and undefined abbreviations should generally be avoided in the abstract.

Keywords

• Authors should provide 3–10 keywords.
• Keywords should accurately represent the main subjects of the manuscript.
• Keywords should be separated by commas.
• Keywords should not end with a full stop.

Word Count and Formatting

• Research articles should normally contain 3,500–7,000 words.
• Longer manuscripts may be considered where the additional length is justified by the research.
• Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx).
• The main text should normally be double-spaced, including footnotes and references.
• Authors should write clearly and concisely while providing sufficient detail to support the research and its findings.

Headings and Subheadings

• Authors should use clear headings and subheadings to organize the manuscript.
• Numbered sections may be used where appropriate.
• The abstract should not be included in section numbering.

Tables and Figures

• Tables and figures should be incorporated into the manuscript and placed near their first mention in the text.
• Tables and figures should be numbered consecutively.
• Each table and figure should have a clear title or caption.
• Tables and figures should be referred to in the text.
• Tables and figures should be presented in a clear and legible format.
• Authors are responsible for obtaining permission for copyrighted material where permission is required.

Mathematical and Other Formulas

• Mathematical and other formulas, where applicable, should be presented clearly and consistently with the surrounding text.
• Authors should ensure that formulas remain readable in the manuscript and final published version.

References

• References and in-text citations must follow the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), 7th edition.
• References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the manuscript.
• Authors should provide a DOI for a cited work where available.
• Where a DOI is not available, a stable URL may be included where appropriate.

Citations in the Text

• Every work cited in the text must appear in the reference list.
• Every work included in the reference list should be cited in the text.
• Authors should generally avoid citations in the abstract unless they are necessary.
• Personal communications and unpublished information should normally be cited only in the text and should not be included in the reference list, in accordance with APA 7th edition.

Web References

• Online sources should be cited according to APA 7th edition.
• Authors should provide the DOI of a source where available.
• If a DOI is not available, a stable URL should be included where appropriate.
• Web references should be included in the main reference list and should not be listed separately.

Author Biography and Photograph

• Author biographies and photographs are not required for regular research article submissions.
• The editorial office may request a biography or photograph separately for specific article types or editorial purposes.

Funding Information

• Authors must disclose any financial support received for the research or publication of the manuscript.
• If the research received no specific funding, authors may state:
  • Funding: No specific funding was received for this research.

Conflict of Interest

• Authors should disclose any financial, professional, or personal interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation.
• If there is no relevant conflict of interest, authors may state:
  • Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.