Pregnant women may experience spontaneous abortions due to Brucella species, often transmitted through raw milk, animal contact, or infected partners. This study investigated the seroprevalence of brucellosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women with a history of abortion in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Conducted in three hospitals, 151 serum samples were screened using the Rose Bengal Agglutination Test, with confirmation via ELISA. Logistic regression and descriptive statistics revealed two positive cases (1.3%; 95% CI). Significant associations with abortion included age, pregnancy stage, trimester, livestock contact, raw milk consumption, male occupation, residence, and socioeconomic status (all p < 0.05). Findings highlight the importance of brucellosis screening in pregnant women with a history of miscarriages or exposure to animals. Public health measures, including household control strategies, education campaigns, and industry-wide eradication efforts, are recommended to mitigate human brucellosis.