02 Pages : 6-11
http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2023(VIII-I).02 10.31703/giidr.2023(VIII-I).02 Published : Dec 2023Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment
This study was conducted to find whether different premolar extraction patterns lead to a change in the Overall Bolton ratio from 0.91 and the Posterior Bolton ratio from 1.05, among the Pakistani population in a skeletal class I malocclusion. This quasi-experimental study took place in Khyber College Of Dentistry, Peshawar. Dental plaster models of the patients with skeletal class 1 malocclusion were collected. A Digital Vernier Caliper was used to calculate the Bolton's ratios. The Bolton ratios were again calculated after hypothetical extractions of all the 1st premolars (4/4), all 5s, upper 4s and lower 5s, and upper 5s and lower 4s. The sample consisted of 12 males and 18 females. The change in Overall Bolton ratios was statistically significant for 4s extractions. For the Posterior Bolton ratio, the 4/4 and 4/5 extraction patterns were significant. Taking out the premolar teeth leads to a statistically significant but clinically insignificant reduction in the Posterior and Overall Bolton ratios in Skeletal class I malocclusion.
-
Bolton Ratios, 1st Premolar Extractions, 5s Extractions
-
(1) Mahnoor Alam
Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Khyber College of Dentistry, KP, Peshawar, Pakistan.
(2) Sara Shujaat
Trainee Medical Officer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Syed Raiq Shah
Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(4) Muhammad Saood
Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(5) Tahira Asghar
Trainee Medical Officer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
- Andrews, L. F. (1972). The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J orthod, 62(3), 296-309
- Azeem, M., Ilyas, M., Ul Hamid, W., & Shamim, A. (2017). The Pattern of Malocclusion: A Single Centre Study on 300 Orthodontic Patients. J Pak Dent Assoc, 26(3), 107-11.
- Bolton, W. A. (1958). Disharmony in tooth size and its relation to the analysis and treatment of malocclusion. The Angle Orthodontist, 28(3), 113-130. https://doi.org/10.1043/0003-3219(1958)028<0113:DITSAI>2.0.CO;2
- Bolton, W. A. (1962). The clinical application of a tooth-size analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics, 48(7), 504-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(62)90129-X
- Ellaithy, M. M., & Gomaa, N. E. (2017). The Effect of Premolar Extractions on Tooth Size Discrepancies in Different Malocclusion Groups of Egyptian Sample. Egyptian Dental Journal, 63(2-April (Orthodontics, Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry)), 1089-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(97)80025-x
- Holton, T. G., Araujo, E. A., Kim, K. B., McCray, J. F., & Foley, P. F. (2023). The effect of maxillary first and mandibular second premolar extractions on the posterior Bolton ratio. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 163(5), 656-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.04.019
- Jackson, T. H., Guez, C., Lin, F. C., Proffit, W. R., & Ko, C. C. (2017). Extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic in the 21st century: demographic and diagnostic factors affecting the likelihood of extraction. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 151(3), 456-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.08.021
- Kayalioglu, M., Toroglu, M. S., & Uzel, I. (2005). Tooth-size ratio for patients requiring 4 first premolar extractions. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, 128(1), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.034
- Kumar, P., Singh, V., Kumar, P., Sharma, P., & Sharma, R. (2013). Effects of premolar extractions on Bolton overall ratios and tooth- size discrepancies in a north Indian population. Journal of orthodontic science, 2(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-0203.110329
- Machado, V., Botelho, J., Mascarenhas, P., Mendes, J. J., & Delgado, A. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis on Bolton’s ratios: Normal occlusion and malocclusion. Journal of Orthodontics, 47(1), 7-29 https://doi.org/10.1177/1465312519886322
- Mongillo, A. D., Araújo, E. A., Kim, K. B., & Foley, P. F. (2021). The effect of 4 first premolar extractions on the posterior Bolton ratio. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 160(6), 825-834. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.ajodo.2020.05.029
- Najjar, H. E., Alasmari, R. M., Al Manie, A. M., Balbaid, K. N., Alzaher, K. H., Assiri, A. T., & Alfaifi, S. A. (2023). Factors affecting retention and relapse in orthodontics. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 10(8), 1. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232173
- Othman, S. A., & Harradine, N. W. T. (2006). Tooth- size discrepancy and Bolton's ratios: a literature review. Journal of Orthodontics, 33(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1179/146531205225021384
- Proffit, W. R., & Fields, H. W. (1993). Contemporary orthodontics. 2nd. St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book.
- Turtinen, H., Sarja, M., Hyvärinen, J., Pirhonen, P., Pesonen, P., Pirttiniemi, P., & Silvola, A. S. (2021). Associations between Bolton ratio and overjet deviations in a Finnish adult population. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 79(8), 593-599. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016357.2021.1918348
- Wadood, S., Saood, M., Shah, A. M., Alam, M., Shujaat, S., & Asghar, T. (2023). Comparison of Overall and Posterior Bolton Ratios of Skeletal Class Ii Malocclusion before and after Different Combinations of Four Premolar Extractions in A Pakistani Population. Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry, 13(04), 2-7. https://doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v13i04.621
Cite this article
-
APA : Alam, M., Shujaat, S., & Shah, S. R. (2023). Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment. Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review, VIII(I), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2023(VIII-I).02
-
CHICAGO : Alam, Mahnoor, Sara Shujaat, and Syed Raiq Shah. 2023. "Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment." Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review, VIII (I): 6-11 doi: 10.31703/giidr.2023(VIII-I).02
-
HARVARD : ALAM, M., SHUJAAT, S. & SHAH, S. R. 2023. Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment. Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review, VIII, 6-11.
-
MHRA : Alam, Mahnoor, Sara Shujaat, and Syed Raiq Shah. 2023. "Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment." Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review, VIII: 6-11
-
MLA : Alam, Mahnoor, Sara Shujaat, and Syed Raiq Shah. "Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment." Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review, VIII.I (2023): 6-11 Print.
-
OXFORD : Alam, Mahnoor, Shujaat, Sara, and Shah, Syed Raiq (2023), "Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment", Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review, VIII (I), 6-11
-
TURABIAN : Alam, Mahnoor, Sara Shujaat, and Syed Raiq Shah. "Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment." Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review VIII, no. I (2023): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2023(VIII-I).02